Classification and Review of the Charging Strategies for Commercial Lithium-Ion Batteries.

The growing demand for lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery in electric vehicles has expedited the need for new optimal charging approaches to improve the speed and reliability of the charging process without deteriorating battery performances. Many efforts have been deployed to develop optimal charging strategies for commercial Li-ion batteries over the last decade. The active optimal charging strategies have great potential to meet the requirement. This paper is a review of the studies on constructing the optimal charging algorithms for Li-ion batteries. The battery models on which these protocols rest are stated, the generalized structures are examined, the advantages and the drawbacks of the mathematical controller algorithms are discussed, and their applications are presented. Suggestions for overcoming the shortcomings of the proposed strategies are proposed. Challenges and future directions in the development of optimal charging strategies for commercial Li-ion batteries are also discussed.