Graphene oxide immobilized surfaces facilitate the sustained release of doxycycline for the prevention of implant related infection.

•GO and doxycycline was co-immobilized on TiO₂ via tyrosinase-mediated reaction.•GO was functioned as both antimicrobial agent and drug carrier.•The release of doxycycline from surface was sustained and controlled for 30 days.•The immobilized surfaces showed excellent antimicrobial effect without cytotoxicity.