Laparoscopic diverticulectomy versus non-operative treatment for uncomplicated right colonic diverticulitis

Background Right-sided colonic diverticulitis (RCD) is an Asian-centric disease. The optimal treatment for acute uncomplicated RCD remains a controversial area. This study aimed to compare the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic diverticulectomy (LD) with non-operative treatment (NT) in patients with uncomplicated RCD. Methods A single-center, prospective, non-randomized controlled study ran from 2009 to 2017. Patients with first episode of uncomplicated RCD were divided into two treatment arms, LD or NT with bowel rest and broad-spectrum antibiotics, based on their choice. The primary outcome was recurrent diverticulitis during follow-up. Secondary outcomes were treatment success and complications. Results A total of 155 patients were enrolled, with 81 in the NT arm and 74 in the LD arm. Mean follow-up was 49 months. The treatment success rate for the NT arm was 90.1% and for the LD arm, 86.5% ( P = 0.480). There was no significant difference in the complication rate between the LD arm, 12.2% and the NT arm, 8.6% ( P = 0.472). LD was better than NT in preventing recurrent diverticulitis. Nine patients in the NT arm and none in the LD arm had recurrence ( P = 0.003). The number needed to treat to prevent recurrence was nine. Conclusion Non-operative management with bowel rest and antibiotics for uncomplicated RCD is safe and effective. Alternatively, LD is also safe and effective, with the added benefit of preventing recurrences. While both treatments could be reasonably offered for uncomplicated RCD, LD is an appealing option when recurrence is a concern.