The physiological response of Arundo donax and characteristics of anodic bacterial community in BE-CW systems: Effects of the applied voltage

•A. donax adapted the 3-V stress via physiological self-regulation.•Anodic bacterial community of the five groups displayed two clear clusters.•The abundance of Desulfovibrio increased with the applied voltage.•Acinetobacter was supposed to be closely related to the nitrogen removal.•The endophytic bacteria Exiguobacterium became dominant in 5-V group.