Potential for biojet production from different biomass feedstocks and consolidated technological routes: a georeferencing and spatial analysis in Brazil

This paper assesses the biojet fuel production potential in Brazil. It evaluates feedstock availability by applying a georeferencing analysis, and determines the cost-effectiveness and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of selected production routes throughout their entire life cycle. This study identifies and locates Brazilian hotspots in terms of bioenergy availability and proximity to the main sites of fuel consumption and handling in the country. Findings show that the biomass availability for each crop in the hotspots would be sufficient to feed the biojet conversion plants proposed in this study. The biojet production potential in the hotspots would represent 48% of the country's jet fuel consumption in 2014, allowing the current certificated 50% blend with conventional fuel. The major biomass hotspots are close to airport and fuel logistic basis. However, even with a US$ 200.tCO(2)(-1) tax, hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) biojet is far from being competitive with petroleum-based jet fuel, whereas the Fischer-Tropsch synthetic paraffinic kerosene (FT-SPK) route may produce a competitive biojet. One possible pathway to incentivize biojet fuel production in Brazil would be, first, to implement carbon taxes that would allow the development of smaller plants. Then, with technological learning and larger production scales, it would be possible to reduce or even eliminate the carbon taxes. (c) 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.