VANETs Routing Protocols Survey: Classifications, Optimization Methods and New Trends

The specific characteristics of vehicular ad-hoc networks, such as high-speed nodes, frequent topology changes and predefined vehicle movement paths, make mobile ad-hoc networks routing protocols not convenient to disseminate data in the vehicular environment. In addition, the new vision towards Internet of Vehicles concept along with the advent of autonomous cars contribute to the proliferation of new innovative applications with different QoS requirements, rising new challenging issues. In this paper, we survey the different taxonomies for vehicular routing protocols, while exposing several optimization techniques used to enhance routing protocols. Moreover, in order to foster the deployment of robust Internet of Vehicles routing protocols at large scale, we give some directions for future research work.