Synthesis and electrochemical properties of Ge 4+ ions-modified VO 2 (paramontroseite)

Herein, we report, for the first time , the facile synthesis of VO 2 (paramontroseite) by doping of Ge 4+ ions into VO 2 via simple hydrothermal route. The synthesized materials were characterized by different techniques in terms of their structural, morphological, and thermal properties using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, respectively. It was observed that the formation of a tunnel by the octahedral arrangement of VO 6 in VO 2 (P) allows intercalations of ions from ionic electrolytes, making it useful for electrochemical applications. The detailed cyclic voltammetric studies, at different scan rates, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic results showed that the VO 2 (P) is a potential material for electrochemical applications.