Sex-Specific Effects of the Nlrp3 Inflammasome on Atherogenesis in LDL Receptor-Deficient Mice.

•In this study we observed sex-specific effects of the NLRP3 inflammasome on atherogenesis in LDLR-deficient mice, with NLRP3 inflammasome playing a more prominent role in atherosclerosis in female mice than in males.•Sex hormones may be involved in NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated atherogenesis and may underlie differential responses to anti-NLRP3 therapy between males and females.•Testosterone may play an inhibitory role by blocking NLRP3 inflammasome and inflammation in atherogenesis, whereas female sex hormones may promote NLRP3 inflammasome–mediated atherosclerosis.•The results of the present study may help design future clinical trials, with the objective to personalize cardiovascular care for men and women.