Attacking the Diebold Signature Variant – RSA Signatures with Unverified High-order Padding
semanticscholar(2024)
摘要
We examine a natural but improper implementation of RSA signature
verification deployed on the widely used Diebold Touch Screen and Optical Scan
voting machines. In the implemented scheme, the verifier fails to examine a
large number of the high-order bits of signature padding and the public
exponent is three. We present an very mathematically simple attack that enables
an adversary to forge signatures on arbitrary messages in a negligible amount
of time.
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