Increased blood concentrations of neurotransmission amino acids and modulation of specific enzyme activities after resistance and endurance exercise

There are twenty-one amino acids in the human body and some of them have neurotransmission action during exercise. The aim of this review is to present the increase of neurotransmission amino acids in the blood after training. Additionally, we highlight the neurotransmission action of certain amino acids and their beneficial effects on a wide range of neurological disorders. A Medline and Scopus search was performed to identify articles published on this topic. Only articles published in English were considered. Cognitive functioning of memory, attention, arousal, as well as motor control and emotion functioning, are related to modifications in the glutamatergic, monoaminergic and serotonergic systems in patients with some types of dementia. A direct effect of phenylalanine on certain neurotransmission enzymes is also described. Tyrosine is highly involved in dopamine production, resulting in amelioration of the symptoms of patients with moderate Parkinson’s disease via dopamine increase. Training could be beneficial, not only to healthy people but also to patients with moderate neurodegenerative disorders.