Protective effects of Allium sativum essential oil rich in disulfides against deltamethrin induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in rats

The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of Allium sativum essential oil (ASEO) and the protective effects against deltamethrin (D) induced hepatic toxic effects in Wistar rats. Twenty-four male rats were divided into four groups as follows: control, ASEO, D and ASEO + D. Rats were orally gavaged with ASEO (200 mg/kg body weight) and D (7.2 mg/kg body weight) for 4 weeks. The ASEO revealed radical scavenging activity (DPPH) with IC 50 = 47.66 ± 2.51 µg/mL, and the lipid peroxidation activity (the β-carotene bleaching method) with IC 50 = 0.034 ± 0.007 µg/mL. Analyzed by GC–MS, ASEO confirm that disulfides (38%) and eugenol (15%) were the main components of garlic oil. In terms of in vivo study, deltamethrin exposure induced a significant increase in the biochemical serum parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO) level, advanced oxidized protein products (AOPP), and carbonyl protein accompanied by decrease in the activities of SOD, CAT, GPX and the levels of GSH (p < 0.01). This toxic effect was confirmed by histological study. The pretreatment with ASEO significantly mended the hepatic toxicity produced by deltamethrin. This finding revealed that ASEO are capable of ameliorating the hepatic oxidative damage induced by deltamethrin.