Prevention of Hepatic Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury by Carbohydrate-derived Nano-antioxidants.

Hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), which mainly results from excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by a reperfusion burst of oxygen, has long been a major cause of liver dysfunction and failure after surgical procedures. Here, a monodispersed hydrophilic carbohydrate-derived nanoparticle (C-NP) was synthesized as a nanoantioxidant that could effectively prevent hepatic IRI. The spherical C-NPs had a size of similar to 78 +/- 11.3 nm covered with polar surface groups. They were well dispersible in water with good colloidal stability, nontoxicity, and good ROS scavenging capability. The C-NPs also exhibited good circulation lifetime, effective delivery to liver, and gradual degradability with an ability to assist the IRI group maintaining a normal and healthy liver status. The pathology mechanism of C-NPs in hepatic IRI was confirmed to be scavenging of excessive ROS by C-NPs. The effective therapeutic treatment of C-NPs in living animals revealed a great potential in clinical prevention for hepatic IRI.