Multiplex PCR for simultaneous genotyping of kdr mutations V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C in Aedes aegypti (L.)

Abstract Background Knock down resistance (kdr) is the main mechanism that confers resistance to pyrethroids and DDT. This is a product of nonsynonymous mutations in the he voltage-gated sodium channel (VGSC) gene, these mutations produce a change of a single amino acid which reduces the affinity of the target site for the insecticide molecule. In Mexico, V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C mutations are common in pyrethroid-resistant Aedes aegypti (L.) populations. Methods A multiplex PCR was developed to detect the V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C mutations in Ae. aegypti . The validation of the technique was carried out using wild populations previously characterized for the three mutations through allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR) and with different levels of genotypic frequencies. Results The standardized protocol for multiplex endpoint PCR was highly effective in detecting 12 genotypes in five wild Ae. aegypti populations from Mexico. A complete concordance with AS-PCR was found for the simultaneous detection of the three kdr mutations. Conclusions Our diagnostic method is highly effective for the simultaneous detection of V410L, V1,016I and F1,534C, when they co-occur. This technique represents a viable alternative to complement and strengthen current monitoring and resistance management strategies against Ae. aegypti .