Parallel evolution of multiple mechanisms for demethylase inhibitor fungicide resistance in the barley pathogen Pyrenophora teres f. sp. maculata

•DMI fungicide resistance has evolved repeatedly in parallel in spot-form net blotch.•Solo-LTR insertion elements found at 5 different locations in the Cyp51A promoter.•3 different mutations encoded CYP51A proteins with substitution F489L.•Isolates with either insertion element or F489L were moderately DMI-resistant.•Isolates with both insertion element and F489L were highly DMI-resistant.