Common bacterial, viral, and parasitic diseases in pigeons (Columba livia): A review of diagnostic and treatment strategies

•Pigeon, Columba livia bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections are widespread.•Molecular assays are useful in diagnosing Columbid bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections.•The use of appropriate antibiotics for bacterial infections is important.•Vaccines are advantageous in controlling and preventing the spread of viral infections in pigeons.