HIV-related lung cancer in the age of HAART

Early in the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic it was recognised that the risk of malignancy was raised in people with HIV and that this included the risk of lung cancer. The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) a decade ago was followed by a decline in the incidence and mortality of both Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, the commonest acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining tumours. The effects of HAART on the non-AIDS defining malignancies is, however, less clear. This review focuses on the effects of HAART on the incidence and outcome of lung cancer in people living with HIV.