WATERMARCH: IP Protection Through Authenticated Obfuscation in FPGA Bitstreams

Field programmable gate array (FPGA) bitstreams contain information on the functionality of all hardware intellectual property (IP) cores used in a given design, so if an attacker gains access to the bitstream, they can mount attacks on the IP. Various mechanisms have been proposed to protect IP from reverse engineering and theft. However, there are no examples of IP obfuscation in FPGA bitstreams...