Impact of Soil Permittivity and Temperature Profile on L-Band Microwave Emission of Frozen Soil

An unexplored aspect of L-band microwave emission is the impact of soil moisture and soil temperature (SMST) profile dynamics on diurnal brightness temperature ( $T_{\mathrm {B}}$ ) signatures of frozen soil. This study investigates this effect by comparing the $T_{\mathrm {B}}$ simulations of layered ( $T_{\mathrm {B,l}}$ ) and uniform ( $T_{\mathrm {B,u}}$ ) soils using a newly developed integ...