Efficacy Of Drip Irrigation In Controlling Heavy-Metal Accumulation In Soil And Crop

This study was aimed at identifying how drip irrigation could be useful in controlling heavy-metal issues, practically and affordably. A vegetable crop (i.e. cauliflower) was the subject of the test. Heavy-metal accumulation in soils and uptake by cauliflower curds were observed for two consecutive years. Municipal wastewater and groundwater were used for irrigation, to make it a comparative study. There were eight treatments: drip irrigation with groundwater through inline (non-pressure-compensating) surface drip (T-1), inline subsurface drip (T-2), bioline (pressure-compensating) subsurface drip (T-3), bioline surface drip (T-4) and the same drip systems using primarily treated municipal wastewater (T-5 to T-8). The results showed that significantly higher concentrations of heavy metals - namely, copper, iron, manganese and zinc were recorded in cauliflower curds irrigated with wastewater compared with those irrigated with groundwater. Subsurface placement of pressure-compensating drip laterals was found more effective in reducing the heavy-metal concentrations in both cauliflower and soil profile compared with surface-placed non-pressure-compensating drip laterals. This study suggests that drip irrigation systems could be an effective method to reduce heavy-metal concentration in vegetable crops and soils irrigated with treated municipal wastewater.