A Rare Case of Amyloid Light-Chain Amyloidosis with Bilateral Perirenal Hematoma Shortly after Initiation of Peritoneal Dialysis

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is valuable for patients starting on renal replacement therapy because it preserves residual renal function, maintains hemodynamic stability, and affords higher quality of life than hemodialysis. Amyloid-related kidney disease is a rare condition and a cause of end-stage renal disease, the incidence of which appears to be rising in recent years. Hemoperitoneum is a common complication of PD. In some cases, it requires urgent treatment and careful monitoring for deterioration and potential complications. Although the kidney is a retroperitoneal organ, renal hemorrhage can cause bloody peritoneal dialysate. We encountered a rare case of amyloid light-chain amyloidosis where bilateral perirenal hematoma occurred shortly after initiation of PD. Amyloid angiopathy with increased blood vessel fragility and impaired vasoconstriction may promote bleeding. Therefore, hemoperitoneum in a patient on PD with disease causing fragile blood vessels, such as amyloidosis, should alert the physician to the possibility of underlying angiopathy.