Efficacy of Advance Care Planning Videos for Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial in Cancer, Heart, and Kidney Failure Outpatient Settings

Background Patient videos about advance care planning (ACP; hereafter "Videos"), were developed to support uptake of provincial policy and address the complexity of patients' decision-making process. We evaluate self-administered ACP Videos, compare the studies' choice of outcomes, show correlations between the patients' ACP actions, and discuss implications for health care policy. Objective To test the efficacy of the Videos on patients' ACP/goals of care designation conversations with a health care provider. Design, Setting, and Participants Using a 2-arm, 1:1 randomized controlled trial, we recruited outpatients with a diagnosis of kidney failure, heart failure, metastatic lung, gastrointestinal, or gynecological cancer from 22 sites. Analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle. Interventions Videos describing the ACP process and illustrating the resuscitative, medical, and comfort levels of care. Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the proportion of participants who reported having an ACP/goals of care designation (GCD) conversation with a health care provider by 3 mo. Outcomes were measured using the Behaviours in Advance Care Planning and Actions Survey, an online survey capturing ACP attitudes, processes, and actions. Results We analyzed 241 and 217 participants at baseline and 3 mo, respectively. The proportion of participants who had an ACP/GCD conversation with a health care provider by 3 mo was significantly different between study arms (46% intervention; 32% control; adjusted odds ratio, 1.83; P = 0.032). Adjusted for the quality of conversations, there was no significant difference. Conclusions Videos as stand-alone tools do not engage individuals in high-quality ACP. Pragmatic trials are necessary to evaluate their impact on downstream outcomes when integrated into intentional, comprehensive conversations with a health care provider. Considering the strong correlation between 2 activities (physicians discussing options, patients telling health care providers preferences), policy should focus on empowering patients to initiate these conversations.