Mortality: A Physics Perspective

One of the many interests of the late Dietrich Stauffer was the modelling of mortality. Here we review the features of mortality data for various biological species. Age specific mortality (death rate) leads to a discussion of possible models of the death rate, including that of Gompertz, raising the interesting question: is our lifetime finite or could we contemplate living for ever? The answer judging from many different data sources is that without radical changes in our biology it seems death above age 120 is extremely unlikely. We then show how a toy model, linking mortality to the immune system, can predict the general variation of the death rate with time, spanning both infant and adult phases. The outcome provides underpinning support for the many nutritionists and medical experts who increasingly advocate the benefits to mortality of a healthy lifestyle. Age specific mortality within social networks is also shown to be significantly affected by both psychological and physical shocks. The review concludes with the description of novel experiments using soap films for the study of failure. These allow for a reproduction of high infant mortality, the so-called bath-tub curve of mortality, and the Gompertz law. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.