Cardiac protection of functional chicken-liver hydrolysates on the high-fat diet induced cardio-renal damages via sustaining autophagy homeostasis.

BACKGROUND Cardio-renal syndrome (CRS) is an integrative problem related to chronic malnutrition, obesity, etc. Amino acids and peptides are regarded as protective and essential for tissues. Pepsin-digested chicken liver hydrolysates (CLHs), which are made from the byproducts of the poultry industry, are amino-acid based and of animal origin, and may be protective against the myocardial and renal damage induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). RESULTS Our results showed that CLHs contain large quantities of anserine, taurine, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), and supplementing the diet with CLHs reduced (P \u003c 0.05) weight gain, liver weight, peri-renal fat mass / adipocyte-area sizes, serum total cholesterol (TC), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) levels in HFD-fed mice but increased (P \u003c 0.05) serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) levels. By histological analyses, CLHs alleviated (P \u003c 0.05) renal lipid deposition and fibrosis, as well as cardiac fibrosis and inflammation of HFD-fed mice. Meanwhile, increased (P \u003c 0.05) inflammatory and fibrotic cytokines levels in the myocardia of the HFD-fed mice were downregulated (P \u003c 0.05) by CLH supplementation. Regarding autophagy-related protein levels, protective effects of CLHs on the myocardia against HFD feeding may result from the early blockade of the autophagy pathway to prevent autophagosome accumulation. CONCLUSION Functional CLHs could be a novel food ingredient as a cardio-renal protective agent against a high-fat dietary habit in a niche market. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.