Habitat and stand factors related to spatial dynamics of Norway spruce dieback driven by Ips typographus (L.) in the Białowieża Forest District

•Mortality increase significantly in areas with higher share of spruce.•Presence of trees other than spruce in stands reduces the risk of tree mortality.•Stand height influence significantly mortality dynamics.•The most intensive gradation progressed in old stands dominated by spruces.•Initiation points of tree mortality localized in more opened old stands.•The most outbreak-resistant areas localized in young trees less than 90 years old.