Heat treatment possibilities for an in situ βTi-TiC composite made by laser powder bed fusion

Abstract After laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of an ultra-strong in situ TiC whisker reinforced β-Ti composite, this paper investigates the evolution of microstructure and mechanical properties in response to heat treatment at different temperatures. Using in depth nano-SEM and TEM analyses, it is shown that ageing at 400 °C rounds the whiskers, annihilates the strain fields and grows Mo segregated nano-cells, but without improving the ductility. In contrast, ageing at 600 °C enables the transformation of metastable β to a lamellar β + α, leading to a dual phase matrix embedding TiC particles. This is in such a manner that extra ageing at 600 °C coalesces the nano-lamellar α + β microstructure to form a coarser micro-lamellar α + β matrix. This microstructure achieves 66% of the compressive deformation of Cp-Ti, and over 1400 MPa compressive strength after 1 hour of ageing at 600 °C. Despite this success under compression, hard and stiff TiC particles may still cause large spherical fractured voids, severely limiting the plastic deformation under tension.