Expression of Mir-146A and Mir-155 in Egyptian Patients with Behçet’s Disease: Clinical Significance and Relationship with Disease Activity

Abstract Background Behçet’s disease (BD) is a systemic vasculitis disorder with multifactorial immunopathogenesis and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. MiR-146 and miR-155 are known key regulators of immune response. This study was conducted to determine the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-155 in patients with BD and to link their possible association with the clinical manifestations and activity of this disease to evaluate their role as diagnostic or prognostic markers. A total of 60 patients with BD and 25 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were examined in a case-control study from October 2017 to September 2018 for the expression levels of miR-146a and miR-155 using singleplexTaqMan two-step stem loop quantitative reverse transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Results Patients with BD had significantly lower miR-146a levels than control subjects (P < 0.001). Regarding the miR-155 expression level, no statistically significant differences were detected between patients and healthy controls (P = 0.736). The expression level of miR-146a showed no significant association with the different clinical manifestations of patients with BD. Conclusion This study suggests the possibility that miR-146a expression in patients with BD is involved in the pathogenesis of disease. Furthermore, it can be used as a diagnostic biomarker and a therapeutic target for BD in the future.