Multiterminal DC Fault Identification for MMC-HVDC Systems Based on Modal Analysis—A Localized Protection Scheme

For the purpose of dc fault identification in multiterminal modular multilevel converter (MMC) high-voltage dc (HVDC) systems, the proposed work addresses the issues of localized protection schemes. The proposed work is focused on selectivity issues, such as differentiating between forward external and internal faults, and the classification of the type of fault contingency, i.e., pole to pole (PT...