The Heparin-Mimicking Arabinogalactan Sulfates From Anogeissus Latifolia Gum: Production, Structures, And Anti-Herpes Simplex Virus Activity

Herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) attaches to cell surface heparan sulfate aiming to enter into susceptible cells. In this work, we utilized a sulfur trioxide-pyridine in N,N-dimethylformamide (SO3 center dot Pyr/DMF) based amalgamated extraction-sulfation procedure for producing arabinogalactan sulfates from Anogeissus latifolia gum. Chemical, chromatographic, spectroscopic and chemical data revealed that the derived polymers contained varying molecular masses (31-69 kDa) and degrees of sulfation (0.1-0.5), but similar saccharide compositions. The highly active polymer (HSV-1: IC50 and SI, respectively, of 127 mu g/mL and 15.7) was a 69 kDa arabinogalactan holding sulfates at O-5 of arabinofuranosyl residues and showed no cytotoxicity as far as 2 mg/mL concentration. This chemically sulfated macromolecule acted by obstructing viral attachment and entry. Thus, SO3 center dot Pyr/DMF is suitable for producing new molecules with varied structures and altered pharmacological activities from plant sources. (C) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.