Monitoring anesthesia using simultaneous functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy and Electroencephalography

•The anesthesia maintenance phase is characterized by a significant decrease in the complexity and power of cerebral hemodynamic signals.•Adults exhibit a higher coupling between low frequency oscillations (0.01–0.1 Hz) in fNIRS and EEG as compared to children.•fNIRS offers a complementary neurovascular assessment to EEG that improves the accuracy of anesthesia monitoring.