Understanding the Origin of Recombination Losses After Co-Plating of Bifacial Solar Cells: In-Depth Microstructure Study

Contactless plating with electroless solutions can provide self-aligned high-efficiency contacts with very low silver content, using simple and inexpensive equipment. With prior surface activation, it can even be used to metallize both sides of bifacial silicon solar cells simultaneously. However, we observe in such a coplating process with nickel, where surface activation is achieved by immersion...