Current trends in 2021 in surgical management of vesico-ureteral reflux in pediatric patients: results of a multicenter international survey on 552 patients.

This survey confirmed that the choice of the technique remains based on surgeon's preference. Deflux injection currently represents the first line therapy for primary VUR in children and the role of surgical ureteral reimplantation is significantly reduced. STING reported acceptable success rate, less postoperative complications and lower costs but higher failure and re-operation rates and related costs compared with the other surgical approaches. The adoption of laparoscopy and robotics over open reimplantation remains still limited.