Mortality From Gastrointestinal Congenital Anomalies At 264 Hospitals In 74 Low-Income, Middle-Income, And High-Income Countries: A Multicentre, International, Prospective Cohort Study
Naomi J. Wright, Andrew J. M. Leather,Niyi Ade-Ajayi,Nick Sevdalis,Justine Davies, Dan Poenaru, Emmanuel Ameh,Adesoji Ademuyiwa, Kokila Lakhoo,Emily Rose Smith, Abdel Douiri,Maria Elstad, Marcus Sim, Cristiana Riboni, Bruno Martinez-Leo,Melika Akhbari,Stephen Tabiri,Ashrarur Mitul,Dayang Anita Abdul Aziz, Camila Fachin, Alliance Niyukuri,Muhammad Arshad, Fowzia Ibrahim,Natalie Moitt, Mohamed Fahmy Doheim, Hannah Thompson, Harmony Ubhi, Isabelle Williams, Sophia Hashim,Godfrey Sama Philipo, Laura Herrera,Aayenah Yunus,Dominique Vervoort, Samuel Parker, Yousra-Imane Benaskeur,Osaid H. Alser, Nana Adofo-Ansong,Ahmad Alhamid,Hosni Khairy Salem, Mahmoud Saleh, Safa Abdal Elrais,Sadi Abukhalaf, Patricia Shinondo, Ibrahim Nour, Emrah Aydin,Agota Vaitkiene,Kelly Naranjo, Andile Maqhawe Dube, Sodumisa Ngwenya, Mina A. Yacoub,Henang Kwasau, Gabriella Hyman, Shrouk Mahmoud Elghazaly, Ibrahim Al-Slaibi,Intisar Hisham,Helena Franco,Hana Arbab, Lubna Samad, Aqil Soomro, Muhammad Amjad Chaudhry,Safina Karim, Muhammad Adnan Khan Khattak, Shireen Anne Nah, Doris Mae Dimatatac, Candy S. C. Choo, Niveshni Maistry, Ashrarur Rahman Mitul, Samiul Hasan, Sabbir Karim, Hina Yousuf, Taimur Qureshi, Ibrahim Rabi Nour,Raed Nael Al-Taher, Osama Abdul Kareem Sarhan, Luis Garcia-Aparicio, Jordi Prat, Eva Blazquez-Gomez, Xavier Tarrado, Marti Iriondo, Paolo Bragagnini, Segundo Rite,Lars Hagander, Emma Svensson, Sheila Owusu,Alhassan Abdul-Mumin, Dominic Bagbio,Vijay Anand Ismavel, Ann Miriam, T. Shajin, Marlene Anaya Dominguez, Monica Ivanov, Andreea Madalina Serban, Miliard Derbew,Mahmoud Elfiky, Maricarmen Olivos Perez, Marcia Abrunhosa Matias, Alexis P. Arnaud, Ahmed Negida,Sebastian King, Mohamad Rafi Fazli, Nadia Hamidi,Souhem Touabti, Rossana Francisco Chipalavela, Pablo Lobos, Brendan Jones, Damir Ljuhar, Georg Singer, Samiul Hasan, Annelien Cordonnier, Lorena Jauregui, Zlatan Zvizdic, Janice Wong, Etienne St-Louis, Qiang Shu, Yang Lui, Catalina Correa, Lucie Pos,Elvyn Alcantara,Erick Feliz, Luis Enrique Zea-Salazar, Liza Ali, Matthieu Peycelon,Nzanzu Kipata Anatole, Cherno S. Jallow, Judith Lindert, Dhruv Ghosh, Cathline Freya Adhiwidjaja, Ahmad Khaleghnejad Tabari, Saran Lotfollahzadeh, Haidar Mohammad Mussein,Fabrizio Vatta, Noemi Pasqua, David Kihiko, Hetal Gohil, Ibrahim R. Nour,Muhammed Elhadi, Suad Ahmed Almada, Gilvydas Verkauskas, Toni Risteski,Alejandro Penarrieta Daher,Oumaima Outani, James Hamill, Taiwo Lawal,Jack Mulu, Benjamin Yapo, Lily Saldana,Beda Espineda, Krystian Toczewski, Eugene Tuyishime,Isaac Ndayishimiye, Enaam Raboe, Philip Hammond, Gregor Walker, Ivona Djordjevic, Milind Chitnis, Joonhyuk Son, Sanghoon Lee, Muaad Hussien,Sawazen Malik, Enas Musa Ismail,Ampaipan Boonthai, Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman,Nigel Hall, Fabiola Ruth Castedo Camacho, Helena Sobrero, Marilyn Butler, Aliev Makhmud, Nathan Novotny, Ahmad G. Hammouri,Maisara Al-Rayyes, Bruce Bvulani, Qais Muraveji, Muhammad Yousuf Murzaie,Ajmal Sherzad, Sayed Aman Haidari, Abdul Baqi Monawar, Ahmad Zia Samadi, Jesh Thiessen,Ntakarutimana Venant, Sonia Inamuco Hospital,Niyonkuru Jeremie,Jean Claude Mbonicura, Butoyi Jean Marie Vianney, Amezene Tadesse,Samuel Negash, Charles A. Roberts, John N. Jabang,Abdoulie Bah, Kajali Camamra, Armandou Correa, Babucarr Sowe, A. Gai, Musa Jaiteh, Kwizera Jean Raymond, Jean Paul Mvukiyehe,Innocent Itangishaka, Emmanuel Kayibanda,Emery Manirambona, Joseph Lule,Ainhoa Costas-Chavarri, Ian Shyaka Gashugi,Albert Ndata, Georges Gasana, Yves Castar Nezerwa,Turatsinze Simeon, Jean De Dieu Muragijimana, Sakina Rashid, David Msuya,Joseph Elisante, Meghna Solanki,Emmanuel Manjira,Jay Lodhia, Mubashir Jusabani, Murad Tarmohamed, Sengua Koipapi, Touabti Souhem, Nabti Sara, Brahimi Sihem, Bouguermouh Dania, Iaiche Achour Toufik, Baghdadi Nour El Islam Mounira, Alouani Habiba, Liliana Aragao, Victor Goncalves, Marcelo Mauricio Lino Urquizo,Maria Florencia Varela, Pedro Mercado, Bonavia Horacio, Andrea Damiani,Carlos Mac, Daniel Putruele, Karen Liljesthrom, Marianela Bernaus, Cesar Jauri,Alejandrina Cripovich, Ezequiel Bianchin, Maria Gabriela Puig, Lorna Andreussi, Susana Iracelay, Dolores Marcos, Carina Herrera, Nelly Palacios, Romina Avile, Belen Serezo, Debora Montoya, Rodrigo Cepeda, Justo Vaquila, Sofficci Veronica, Liliana Pardo, Pelussi Valeria,Lapalma Julio, Aranda Diego Martin,Palazzi Lucio, Comba Gabriel,Depetrini Marianella,Jose Alfredo Calderon Arancibia, Enrique Huespe, Gabriela Natalia Losa, Elsa Arancibia Gutierrez, Humberto Scherl, Daniel Emilio Gonzalez, Valentina Baistrocchi, Yanina Silva, Marcelo Galdeano, Pablo Medard, Ines Sueiras,Enrique Romero Manteola, Victor Hugo Defago, Carlos Mieres, Carlos Alberto, Fabio Cornelli, Marcelo Molina,Pablo Ravetta, Celeste Carolina Patino Gonzalez, Maria Belen Dallegre, Maria Tatiana Szklarz,Marcos Federico Leyba, Nahuel Ignacio Rivarola, Maria Delia Charras, Adriana Morales, Paloma Caseb, Luzia Toselli, Carolina Millan, Maria Del Carmen Junes, Oscar Di Siervi,Jose Gilardi, Soledad Simon, Carla Sofia Contreras, Nair Rojas, Lucia Beatriz Arnoletto,Otilia Eva Blain, Mauro Nicolas Bravo, Nancy Sanchez, Luciana Martina Herrera Pesara, Maria Eugenia Moreno, Carlos Ariel Sferco, Umama Huq, Tamanna Ferdousi, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Sadia Sultana, Refoyez Mahmud,Khalid Mahmud, Fatema Sayeed, Alexander Svirsky, Denisse Sempertegui, Amalia Negrete, Araceli Teran, Mariana Sadagurschi, Nusret Popovic, Kenan Karavdic, Emir Milisic, Asmir Jonuzi, Amira Mesic, Sabina Terzic, Nejra Dendusic, Elna Biber, Anesa Sehic, Nada Zvizdic,Emina Letic, Adna Saracevic, Ajla Hamidovic,Nejra Selak,Dzan Horozic, Lamija Hukic, Amila Muhic,Nedim Vanis,Emir Sokolovic, Adnan Sabic, Karin Becker, Elis Novochadlo Kluppel, Andre Ivan Bradley Dos Santos Dias, Miguel Angelo Agulham, Cristiano Bischoff,Stella Sabbatini, Rachel Fernandes De Souza, Ana Beatriz Souza Machado, Juliana Werneck Raposo, Maria Lucia Da Silva Augusto,Bianca M. R. Martins, Mariana De Souza Santos Ferreira, Darli Fernandes De Oliveira, Carla Silva Dos Santos, Fernanda Ribeiro De Fernandez Y Alcazar,Erika Alves Dutra Da Silva, Mariana Furtado, Horacio Tamada, Marilia Silva Ferreira Dos Santos, Thayna Lopes De Almeida, Susy Oliveira De Andrade, Antonio Cipriano Gurgel Do Amaral,Lais Sartori Giovanoni, Kamila De Deus Passos Leles, Eduardo Correa Costa, Leticia Feldens, Luciano Ferraz Schopf, Jose Carlos Soares De Fraga, Felipe Colombo De Holanda,Paola Maria Brolin Santis Isolan, Julia Loyola Ferreira, Carla Luisa Bruxel,Danielle Lopes Teixeira Ferdinando, Fabricio Zottis Barcelos, Natalia Baseggio, Nicole Knorr Brenner, Rafael Trindade Deyl, Carolina Dure, Iuri Nunes Kist, Rafael Bueno Mazzuca,Sarah Bueno Motter, Yna Ramos, Cristine Suzana Trein, Bianca Rezende Rosa, Murilo De Assis Silva, Flavio Augusto Menin, Isabela Cristina Semensato Carloni,Juliana Antinarelli Norberto Da Silva, Adriano Luis Gomes, Mariana Girao Tauffer, Paulo Cesar Bassan Goncalves, Geraldo Magela Nogueira Marques, Eliane Moriya, Carla Labonia, Ana Lucia Carrasco, Karine Furtado Meyer, Luiz Farion-Aguiar, Fernando Amado, Amanda Antunes, Elisangela Silva,Leila Telles, Giovana Almeida,Aluisio Augusto Belmino Gadelha, Flavia De Azevedo Belesa, Acimar Goncalves Da Cunha, Beatriz Souza Barros, Josiane Bernartt Zanellato, Patricia Guimaraes, Karina Ilheu Da Silva, Bianca Ribas, Cristina Reuter, Francis Tanise Casado, Mila Torii Correa Leite, Daniela Testoni, Ruth Guinsburg, Simone De Campos Vieira Abib, Edson Khodor Cury, Suely Dornellas Do Nascimento, Arthur Almeida Aguiar, Rodrigo Melo Gallindo, Carolina Goncalves Borges, Yang Liu, Cai Duote, Jinhu Wang, Zhigang Gao, Liang Liang, Wenjuan Luo, Xiaoxia Zhao, Rui Chen, Peng Wang, Yijiang Han, Ting Huang, Hu Donglai, Guo Xiaodong, Chen Junjie, Libin Zhu, Guowei Wu, Xiaozhou Bao, Haijing Li, Junying Lv, Zhongrong Li, Feng Yong, Zhou Chong Gao, Qiang Bai, Weibing Tang, Hua Xie, Jethishka Motee, Jianming Zhu, Gang Wen, Weiwei Ruan, Shungen Li, Lulu Chen, Shungen Huang, Zhibao Lv, Jinjing Lu, Liuming Huang, Mengnan Yu, Wang Dajia, Yu Zuo Bai, Luis Carlos Rincon, Juliana Mancera,Edgar Alzate Gallego, Laura Torres-Canchala, Nathalia Silva Beltran, Ghordana Osorio Fory, Daniela Castano Avila, Angelica Maria Forero Ladino, Juanita Gomez, Martha Jaramillo, Otto Morales, Beatriz Sanchez, Nestor Julien Tinoco Guzman, Sergio Castaneda Espinosa, Osbaldo Prieto Vargas, Lina Maria Pardo,Eliana Toral, Freud Caceres Aucatoma, Daniel Hinostroza, Santiago Valencia, Vicente Salinas, Enrique Landivar Cino, Gabriela Yulissa Ponce Fajardo, Miguel Astudillo, Virginia Garcia, Guillermo Munoz, Leonardo Verduga, Ivan Verduga Ericka Murillo, Elena Bucaram, Marisol Guayelema, Monica Marmol,Janina Sanchez, Carolina Vergara, Adriana Mena, Junior Velana, Karla Salazar, Sandra Lara, Elena Chiriboga, Julian Silva, Dalia Gad, Doaa Samy, Menan Ahmed Elsadek, Hanan Mahmoud Mohammed, Mohamed Abouheba, Karim Osamy Ali, Hayssam Rashwan, Omar Moustafa Fawzy, Tarek Mohamed Kamel, Rawan Nemer, Mohamed Abada Hassan, Eyad Hassan Falah, Dina Sobhy Abdelhady,Mostafa Zain, Eman Abouzeid Abouzeid Ibrahim, Omar Ossama Elsiraffy, Ahmed Aboelela, Eman Mohamed Farag, Ahmed Mohamed Oshiba, Omar Sameh Emam, Alaa Mobarak Attia,Moustafa A. Laymouna,Islam Abdelmonem Ghorab, Mansour Mkayed Mohammed, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Khaled Abd Elrahman Ghaly, Kareem Sadek, Mohamed Elsherbiny, Amr Saleh, Hesham Sheir, Tamer Wafa, Mohamed Abd Elmenam, Sherif Abdelmaksoud, Ahmed Reda, Islam Mansour,Mohamed Elzohiri, Basma Waseem,Mohamed Elewaily, Mohammed El-Ghazaly, Ahmad Elhattab, Amr Shalaby,Adham Elsaied, Ahmad Adawy,Mirna Sadek, Mahmoud Abdelfattah Ahmed, Mohamed Omar Herdan, Gena Mohamed Hamed Elassall, Azhar Arabi Mohammed, Mohammed Hamada Takrouney, Tarek Mohamed Essa, Ahmed Mokhtar Mahmoud, Alshaimaa M. Saad, Mariam Albatoul Nageh Fouly, Mahmoud Abdelshakour Ibrahim, Mohammad Nageh, Mahmoud M. Saad, Helmy Badr, Mohamed Fayez Fouda, Ahmed Hassan Nofal, Hisham Almohamady, Mohamed Ahmed Arafa,Mohamed Amad, Mohamed Awad Mansour, Jennifer O'Connor, Zachary O'Connor, Nzanzu Anatole, Elyse Nkunzimana,Solomon Machemedze,Lemfuka Dieudonne, William Appeadu-Mensah,Theophilus Teddy Kojo Anyomih, Priscilla Alhassan, Francis A. Abantanga,Vishal Michael, Roshine Mary Koshy,Ankit Raj, Vijay Kumar, P. T. Sundeep, P. Santosh Prabhu, Armin Vosoughi, Ali Farooq Al-Mayoof, Muhamed Jassim Fadhle, Ali Egab Joda, Hayder Nadhim Obaid Algabri, Raed Nael Al-Taher, Sultan S. Abdelhamid, Hashem M. Al-Momani, Marzouq Amarin, Louay Y. Zaghlol, Nijmeh Nasser Alsaadi, Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Hibah Qutishat,Ahmad Hasan Aliwisat,Esraa Arabiat,Isam Bsisu, Raghad M. Murshidi,Mohammad S. Jabaiti, Ziad A. Bataineh, Husam Aldean Abuhayyeh, Thekraiat M. Al Quran, Faris J. Abu Za'Nouneh, Mohanad Mutasem Alebbini,Hamzah Abullah Qudah, Omar Ghazi Hussein, Amir M. I. Murad, Justin Z. Amarin, Haya H. Suradi,Sayel H. Alzraikat,Rand Y. Omari,Bashar M. Matour, Layana Al-Halbouni,Rajai O. Zurikat, Ahmad H. Yanis, Sara Al Hussein, Ali Shoubaki,Waleed H. Ghanem, Kuria David, Soita Wycliffe Chitiavi, Moraa Mose, Robert Mugo,James Ndungu, Timothy Mwai, Swaleh Shahbal,Janan Malik, Nirav Chauhan, Francisa Syovata,Kevin Ochieng, Polycarp Omendo Liyenzero, Syeda Ra'Ana Hussain, Stanley Mugambi, Roseline Ochieng, Ebtesam Othman Abdulsalam Elkhazmi, Ala Khaled, Aya Albozidi, Manal Ben Enbaya, Mala Elgammudi,Enas Soula, Wegden Ibrahim Almabrouk Khalel, Yasmine Ali Elhajjaji, Nouriyah Ali Alwaggaa, Sumayyah Ghayth, Dafer Abdulhakim S. Zreeg, Sara Abobaker Tantush, Fatma Bibas, Tesneem Layas, Randa Alamen M. Sharif, Wesal Omar F. Saied Aljadidi, Ahmed Tarek, Hazem Ahmed, Kamila Almabrouk Mohammed Essamilghi,Mabroka Alfoghi, Ma'Aly A. Abuhlega, Saddam Arrmali, Fatima Mousa Abduljawad, Hasan Mustafa Alosta, Abdulsalam Abuajaila, Fakereldeen Abdelmutalib, Fatma Bashir, Inas Almengar, Mohammad Hasan Annajjar, Abdelaziz Deyab,Fathi Elzowawi, Yousef Krayem, Weam Drah, Asma Meftah,Abobaker Mohammed, Lina Ali Arrmalli, Hajir Aljaboo, Abdallah Elayeb, Mohamed Altomi, Ahmed Altaweel, Mohamed Tumi, Hana Milad Bazozi, Aisha Shaklawoon, Mohammed Meftah Alglaib, Abdullahn Abdousalam Elkaloush, Sara Trainba, Hisham Swessi,Ali Alnaeri, Aya Essam Shnishah, Hamassat Mustufa, Sondas Ali Gargum, Sara Ali Tarniba, Hawa Ahmed Shalluf, Hajer Ali Shokri, Taher L. Sarkaz, Osama Tababa, Ahmed Elhadi, Vesna Cvetanovska Naunova, Laze Jovcheski,Marjan Kamilovski, Aleksandra Gavrilovska-Brzanov, Zarina Abdul Latiff, Siti Farhan Moh Pauzi, Marjmin Osman, Felicia Lim, Ainal Huda Abu Bakar, Azrina S. K. Zaman, Shareena Ishak, Rufinah Teo, Tammy Teoh Han Qi, Mohd Yusran Bin Othman, Zakaria Bin Zahari, Zulfitri Bin Md Hassan, Cheah Hui Shan, Abhirrami Lechmiannandan, Hafatin Fairos Bt Tamaddun, Mohd Fitri Shukri Bin Mohamed Adanan, Mohd Yusof Bin Abdullah, Wang Junyi, Mohd Tarmizi Mohd Nor, Wan Ruzaimie Noor, Mohd Razin Bin Hassan, Noor Fa'Izatul Rahil Ambok Dalek, Hidayah Hayati Binti Hashim, Ahmad Zulhisyam Bin Zarwawi, V. Muthualhagi M. Vellusamy, Quah Soong Yuen, Hemasutha Kannessan, Najua Binti Ramli, Ahmad Shafiee Bin Bujarimin, Jessmine Anntinea, Anthony Dass, Hazlina Mohd Khalid, Nur Atiqah Binti Mohd Hanifah, Keily Wong Yue Jyun, Rahilah Binti Abd Razak, Nur Atifah Binti Mohd Naim, Siti Nur Aien Binti Hamid Hamzah, Cristian R. Zalles Vidal, Eduardo Bracho Blanchet, Roberto Davila Perez, Emilio Fernandez Portilla, Raul Villegas Silva, Daniel Ibarra, Antonio Calderon Moore,Cesar Carrasco-Ortega, Monica Noguez Castillo,Dorihela Herappe Mellado, Guillermo Yanowsky Reyes, Luis Fernando Gonzalez Cortez, Rafael Santana Ortiz, Jamie Orozco Perez, Jorge Roman Corona C. Rivera, Juan Jose Cardenas Ruiz Velasco, Moises Quiles Corona, Christian Pena Padilla, Lucina Bobadilla Morales, Alfredo Corona Rivera, Izabel Maryalexandra Rios Flores, Cristian Irela Aranda Sanchez, Gabriela Ambriz-Gonzalez, Nestor Martinez Hernandez Magro, Francisco Javier Leon Frutos, Jose De Jesus Cardenas Baron, Alejandro Gonzalez Ojeda, Jessica Yarza Fernandez, Juan Domingo Porras, Pastor Aguirre-Lopez, Vicente Sanchez Paredes, Arturo Montalvo Marin, Jose Manuel Diaz Gomez, Lorenzo Juvencio Caamal, David Bulnes Mendizabal, Pablo Sanchez Valladares, Humberto Garcia Martinez, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Moses Olanrewaju,Rilwan Adegboyega, Nurudeen Abdulraheem,Anuoluwapo Aremo,Florence Dedeke, Anyanwu Lofty-John Chukwuemeka, Mohammad Aminu Mohammad,Abdullahi Lawalbarau,Nwokoro Collins, Ogundele Ibukunolu, Amo Shonubi, Oluwaseun Ladipo-Ajayi, Olumide Abiodun Elebute, Justina Seyi-Olajide, Felix Alakaloko,George Ihediwa, Kayode Olayade, Christopher Bode, Olakayode Ogundoyin, Dare I. Olulana, Ifeanyichukwu Kelvin Egbuchulem, Felix O. Kumolalo, Ikechukwu Ulasi, Uchechukwu Obiora Ezomike, Sebastian Okwuchukwu Ekenze, Elochukwu Perpetua Nwankwo, Emmanuel Ifeanyi Nwangwu,Isaac Chukwu, Christopher Chim Amah, Nene Elsie Obianyo, Omolara Williams, Roland Iheanyichukwu Osuoji,Omolara Moronkeji Faboya, Olalekan Temitope Ajai, Moruf Adekunle Abdulsalam, Titiloye Hannah Agboola, Bolarinwa Bolanle Temilade, Maryrose Osazuwa, Morayo Monsurat Salawu, Eze Chukwuemeka Ejinkeonye,Mariya Mukhtar Yola, Amsa B. Mairami, Adekunle T. Otuneye,Matthias Igoche, Adebayo Gbenga Tanimola, Emmanuel Akinlabi Ajao, Efeturi Agelebe,Samson Olori, Philip Mari Mshelbwala,Olabisi Osagie, Adewale Oyinloye, Auwal M. Abubakar,Lateef Oyebanji, Ibrahim Shehu, Cyril Cletus, Ahmed Bamanga,Faruk Suleiman, Sani Adamu, David C. Nwosu, Yahya S. Alkali, Iliya Jalo, Aliu Rasaki, Yusuf T. Sambo, Kalakwa A. Mohammed,Abubakar M. Ballah, Victor Modekwe, Okechukwu Hyginus Ekwunife,Ugochukwu S. Ezidiegwu, Andrew N. Osuigwe, Jideofor O. Ugwu,Chuka A. Ugwunne, Nadeem Akhter,Mudassir Fayaz Gondal, Rafee Raza, Ali Raza Chaudary, Hassan Ali, Muhammad Umar Nisar, Muhammad Umer Jamal, Ghuri Shankar Pandit, Uzma Mumtaz, Muhammad Bin Amjad, Nabila Talat, Wajeeh Ur Rehman, Muhammad Saleem, Muhammad Bilal Mirza, Imran Hashim, Naveed Haider, Soban Hameed, Ayesha Saleem, Sohail Dogar, Muhammad Sharif, Muhammad Kashif Bashir, Fatima Naumeri, Zarqa Rani,Muath A. M. Baniowda, Basheer Ba'Baa', Majd Yousef Mohammed Hassan, Ammar Darwish, Abrar Shaheen Sehwiel, Mohammed Shehada, Abrar Ghassan Balousha, Yara Ajrami, Ainaa Ata Mohammad Alzamari,Bashar Yaghi, Hasan Subhi Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Mervat Sufian Abu Farha, Mohammad Omar Mohammad Abdelhafez,Firas Anaya, Asef Belal Qadomi, Abd Al-Naser Bany Odi, Muath Abdelrahem Fuad Assi, Fadwa Sharabati, Ahmad Abueideh, Doha Mustafa Saleh Beshtawi, Hasan Arafat, Lara Zahi Adel Khatatba, Safa' Jamal Abatli, Hiba Al-Tammam,Dania Jaber, Yara Imad Omar Kayed, Ali Abdelhay Abumunshar, Rami Anwar Misk, Asmahan Mohammad Suliman Alzeer,Mutassem Sharabati,Ihsan Ghazzawi,Osama Majed Darras, Mahmoud M. Qabaja, Ma'Alem Sameer Hajajreh, Yasmeen Ahmad Samarah, Dua Hasan Yaghi, Moradallah Asad Fahmi Qunaibi,Abdelrazzaq Abu Mayaleh, Sharehan Joubeh, Annan Ebeido,Samer Adawi,Ihda Adawi, Mohammad Omar Ibrahim Alqor, Ahmad Samih Arar, Hadeel Awad, Fawzi Abu-Nejmah, Osaid Shaher Shabana,Firas Alqarajeh, Tareq Z. Alzughayyar, Jomana Madieh,Mahmoud Fuad Sbaih, Raghad Mohammad Abdu Alkareem, Raghad Abdullateef Lahlooh, Yasmeen Adly Halabi, Wisam Baker, Tasneem Fathi Hasan Almusleh, Abdulraheem Adnan Abdulraheem Tahyneh,Yazid Yousef Mahmoud Atatri, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Nasrallah Ashraf Al Massry,Walaa Lubbad, Ayoub A. Nemer, Mohammed Alser, Aya Azmi Shehda Salha,Khaled Alnahhal, Aya Mahmoud Elmzyyen, Amir Talat Sheda Ghabayen, Abdulwhhab Ayman Abu Alamrain, Samar H. Al-Shwaikh, Omar Adly Elshaer, Nureddin Shaheen, Jehad Fares, Hisham Dalloul, Anas Qawwash, Mustafa Abu Jayyab, Dina Ayman Ashour, Ahmad Ashraf Shaheen, Samy Rafat Ramadan Naim, Eman Abu Shiha, Nagham Mohammed Al Dammagh, Walaa Almadhoun, Ashraf Ayman Al-Salhi, Abdalkarim Yhya Hammato, Jamal Mohammed Salim, Doaa Khalil Hasanain, Soha Marwan Salem Alwadia, Ismail Nassar, Hala M. Al-Attar, Haya Abdulnasser Ali Alshaikhkhalil, Yasmin Mohammed Khalil Abu Jamie,Yara Shareef Ashour,Sharif S. Alijla, Mohamed Anwer El Tallaa, Adham Ashraf Abuattaya,Bisan D. M. Wishah, Mohammed A. M. Aldirawi, Ahmed S. Darwish, Sulaiman T. Alzerei, Nidal Wishah, Sharif Alijla, Isidora Garcia, Marlene Diaz Echegaray, Veronica Raquel Canapatana Sahuanay, Fernando Trigoso Mori,Jackelyne Alvarado Zelada, Juan Jose Salinas Barreto, Porfirio Rivera Altamirano, Cesar Torres Miranda, Rocio Anicama Elias, Julio Rivera Alvarez, Juan Pedro Vasquez Matos, Fernando Ayque Rosas, Jesmarina Ledesma Peraza,Andrea Gutarra Palomino, Stephany Vega Centen, Victor Casquero, Maria Rosa Ortiz Argomedo, Francisco Lapouble, Genaro Llap Unchon, Florangel Patricia Delgado Malaga, Luis Ortega Sotelo, Segundo Gamboa Kcomt, Araceli Villalba Villalba, Nancy Rossana Mendoza Leon, Loreley Raquel Cardenas Alva,Maria Susana Loo Neyra, Cathy Lee Alanguia Chipana, Cintya Maria De Jesus Torres Picon, Natalia Huaytalla Quiroz, Danny Dominguez, Carlos Segura Calle, Jenny Arauco, Luis Ormeno Calderon, Ximena Ghilardi Silva, Miriam Daniela Fernandez Wilson, Joan Elizabeth Gutierrez Maldonado, Cesar Diaz Leon, Waldo Berrocal Anaya, Patricia Chavez Galvez, Prince Pamela Aguilar Gargurevich, Flor De Maria Diaz Castaneda, Carmen Guisse, Erika Ramos Paredes, Jose Luis Apaza Leon, Faye Aguilar Aguilar, Raul Ramirez De La Cruz, Lenny Flores Carbajal, Carlos Mendoza Chiroque, Gladys Johana Sulca Cruzado, Natalia Tovar Gutierrez, Jennifer Sotelo Sanchez, Carolina Paz Soldan, Karina Hernandez Cordova, Edgar Fernando Delgado Quinteros, Luz Mery Brito Quevedo, Juan Jose Mendoza Oviedo, Angel Samanez Obeso, Patricia Paredes Espinoza, Johann De Guzman, Raisa Yu, Vlad Cosoreanu, Sebastian Ionescu, Aurel Mironescu, Lucian Vida, Adrian Papa, Roxana Verdeata, Bogdan Gavrila, Liviu Muntean, Marija Lukac, Miona Stojanovic, Djordje Toplicic, Milan Slavkovic, Andjelka Slavkovi, Dragoljub Zivanovic, Ana Kostic, Maja Raicevic, Delphine Nkuliza, Daniel Sidler, Corne De Vos, Elmarie Vd Merwe, David Tasker, Omar Khamag, Cecilia Rengura, Thozama Siyotula, Uzair Jooma, Dirk Von Delft, Marion Arnold, Hansraj Mangray, Shamaman Harilal, Sanele Madziba, Naveen Wijekoon, Tharanga Gamage, Benedict Paul Bright, Alaa Abdulrahman, Ola Ahmed Abdulmjeed Mohammed, Mohammed Salah, Ahmad Elian Abu Ajwa, Mohammed Morjan, Mohammad Mohannad Batal, Vivian Faks, Mohamad Bassel Mouti, Ahmadfateh Assi, Ahmad Al-Mouakeh, Ahmad Sankari Tarabishi, Ziad Aljarad, Aos Alhamid, Jiraporn Khorana, Wannisa Poocharoen, Sirima Liukitithara, Anan Sriniworn, Wasun Nuntasunti, Monawat Ngerncham, Ratiyaporn Phannua, Kanokrat Thaiwatcharamas, Patchareeporn Tanming, Lassaad Sahnoun, Nahla Kchiche, Roua Abdelmoumen, Egemen Eroglu, Mehmet Ali Ozen, Hatice Sonay Yalcin Comert, Mustafa Imamoglu, Haluk Sarihan, Sebnem Kader, Mehmet Mutlu, Yakup Aslan, Ahmet Besir, Sukran Geze, Bahanur Cekic, Ali Yalcinkaya, Kaan Sonmez, Ramazan Karabulut, Zafer Turkyilmaz, Kivanc Seref, Merve Altin, Merve Aykut, M. Eren Akan, Melisa Erdem, Ebru Ergenekon, Canan Turkyilmaz, Elif Keles, Ali Canozer, Asli Ozturk Yeniay, Elif Eren, Ilknur Banli Cesur, Zerrin Ozcelik, Gokmen Kurt, Mustafa Kurthan Mert, Hatice Kaya, Muge Celik, Suleyman Cuneyt Karakus, Nazile Erturk, Alev Suzen, Nilay Hakan, Fatih Akova, Mehmet Pasaoglu, Shukurali Eshkabilov, Rustam Z. Yuldashev, Dekhkonboev Avazjon Abdunomonovich, Aliev Makhmudjan Muslimovich, Azad Patel, Chisengo Kapihya, Nicholas Ensar, Ramesh M. Nataraja, Mithila Sivasubramaniam, Matthew Jones, Warwick Teague, Sharman Tan Tanny, Gordon Thomas, Kiera Roberts, Soundappan Sannappa Venkatraman, Holger Till, Manon Pigeolet, Martine Dassonville, Anas Shikha, Win Sabai Phyu Win, Zahidah Adlynee Haji Ahmad, Leamarie Meloche-Dumas, Louise Caouette-Laberge, Dickens St-Vil, Ann Aspirot, Nelson Piche, Shahrzad Joharifard, Nadia Safa, Jean-Martin Laberge, Sherif Emil, Pramod Puligandla, Kenneth Shaw, Hussein Wissanji, Eileen Duggan, Elena Guadagno, Maria Consuelo Puentes, Paola Osses Leal, Carolina Mendez Benavente, Michal Rygl, Barbora Trojanova, Klara Berkova, Tereza Rackova, Ladislav Planka, Jan Skvaril, Radek Stichhauer, Shahad Sabti, Alex Macdonald, Nordeen Bouhadiba, Dorothy Kufeji, Caroline Pardy, Simon Mccluney, Alireza Keshtgar, Rebecca Roberts, Hannah Rhodes, Kate Burns, Robin Garrett-Cox, Kat Ford, Hannah Cornwall, Krithi Ravi, Felicity Arthur, Paul Losty, Tony Lander, Ingo Jester, Suren Arul, Oliver Gee, Giampiero Soccorso, Michael Singh, Max Pachl, Benjamin Martin, Afnan Alzubair, Arun Kelay, Jonathan Sutcliffe, Thomas Middleton, Amy Hughes Thomas, Merina Kurian, Fraser Cameron, Jayaram Sivaraj, Mark C. Thomas, Dean Rex, Ceri Jones, Kate Bradshaw, Arnaud Bonnard, Xavier Delforge, Camille Duchesne, Caroline Le Gall, Coralie Defert, Samia Laraqui Hossini, Florent Guerin, Geraldine Hery, Virginie Fouquet-Languillat, Jules Kohaut, Aline Broch, Thomas Blanc, Luke Harper, Thomas Delefortrie, Quentin Ballouhey, Laurent Fourcade, Celine Grosos, Benoit Parmentier, Guillaume Levard, Maria Giovanna Grella, Mariette Renaux Petel, Lucie Grynberg, Olivier Abbo, Sofia Mouttalib, Melodie Juricic, Aurelien Scalabre, Elodie Haraux, Anke Rissmann, Hardy Krause, Peter Goebel, Ludwig Patzer, Udo Rolle, Andrea Schmedding, Alexandra Antunez-Mora, Bernd Tillig, Sylvester Von Bismarck, Patricia Reis Barbosa, Christian Knorr, Domitille Stark, Marco Brunero, Luigi Avolio, Francesco Manni, Matilde Molinelli, Marinella Guazzotti, Alessandro Raffaele, Piero Giovanni Romano, Silvia Cavaiuolo, Gian Battista Parigi, Laszlo Juhasz, Anna Rieth, Arunas Strumila, Ruta Dagilyte, Arunas Liubsys, Pranas Gurskas, Dalius Malcius, Agne Mikneviciute, Asta Vinskaite, Vidmantas Barauskas, Liam Vierboom, Timothy Hall, Spencer Beasley, Lucy Goddard, Mark Stringer, Naveen Weeratunga, Stephen Adams, Jitoko Cama, Marilyn Wong, Sridharan Jayaratnam, Askar Kukkady, Udaya Samarakkody, Sylwester Gerus, Dariusz Patkowski, Agnieszka Wolny, Tomasz Koszutski, Szymon Tobor, Marta Osowicka, Piotr Czauderna, Dariusz Wyrzykowski, Hanna Garnier, Stefan Anzelewicz, Osowicka Marta, Agata Knurowska, Alicja Weiszewsk, Andrzej Grabowski, Wojciech Korlacki, Michal Pasierbek, Przemyslaw Wolak, Aneta Piotrowska, Anna Roszkiewicz, Piotr Kalicinsk, Agata Trypens, Grzegorz Kowalewsk, David Sigalet, Amer Alsaied, Mansour Ali, Ameen Alsaggaf, Alaa Ghallab, Yazeed Owiwi, Ali Zeinelabdeen, Mohamed Fayez, Ahmed Atta, Mazen Zidan, Asaad Saleh Radwan, Hanin Shalaby, Reem Abdelbaqi, Khalid Alattas, Yar Kano, Omar Sindi, Abdullah Alshehri, Tariq Altokhais, Fahad Alturki, Mohammad Almosaibli, Dasha Krisanova, Wisam Abbas, Hee-Beom Yang, Hyun-Young Kim, Joong Kee Youn, Jae Hee Chung, Seok Hyeon Cho, In Ji Hwang, Ju Yeon Lee, Eung Song Song, Jenny Arboleda, Mercedes Ruiz De Temino Bravo, Alexander Siles Hinojosa, Miriam Garcia, Isabel Casal Beloy, Detlef Oliu San Miguel, Maria Elena Molina Vazquez, Veronica Alonso, Alberto Sanchez, Oscar Gomez, Isabel Carrillo, Tomas Wester, Carmen Mesas Burgos, Lars Hagander, Martin Salo, Erik Omling, Niclas Rudolfson, Christina Graneli, Helena Arnadottir, Emma Grottling, Kate Abrahamsson, Vladimir Gatzinsky, Michaela Dellenmark Blom, Daniel Borbonet, Paul Puglia, Vinicio Jimenez Morejon, Gaston Acuna, Mario Moraes, Jonathan Chan, Pavan Brahmamdam, Alan Tom, Karen Sherer, Brandy Gonzales, Aaron Cunningham, Sanjay Krishnaswami, Reto Baertschiger, Mary Leech, Regan Williams, Lauren Camp, Ankush Gosain, Maria Mora, Bailey D. Lyttle, Jeremy Chang, Lydia Mccoll Makepeace, Kathryn L. Fowler, Sara Mansfield, Erica Hodgman, Chukwubinyelum Amaechi, Alana Beres, Mark N. Pernik, Luke J. Dosselman, Murad Almasri, Sunil Jain, Varun Modi, Marianelly Fernandez Ferrer, John Coon, Joann Gonzalez, Medhavi Honhar, Nensi Ruzgar, Griffin Coghill, Sarah Ullrich, Maija Cheung, Katrine Lofberg, Jodie Greenberg, Kate Davenport, Samir Gadepalli, Sarah Fox, Stephanie Johnson, Mercedes Pilkington, April Hamilton, Nicole Lin, Juan Sola, Yang Yao, Jenna Kylene Davis, Monica Langer, Jonathan Vacek, Fizan Abdullah, Julie Khlevner, William Middlesworth, Marc Levitt, Hira Ahmad, Sabina M. Siddiqui, Alex Bowder, Terry Derks, Afua Amoabin Amoabin, Brooke Pinar, Frank Owusu-Sekyere, Benmanseur Saousen, Rasika Naidoo, Azra Karamustafic, Danielle Paula De Oliveira, Sarah Bueno Motter, Jerhy Andrade, Antonin Safus, Jason Langley, Alexandra Wilke, Corazone Deya, Habib Mansour Murtadi, Mindaugas Berzanskis, Nwachukwu Calistus, Olalekan S. Ajiboye, Michael Felix, Osagie O. Olabisi, Secil Ercin, Teymursha Muradi, Stephen S. Burks, Sergio Lerma, Jillian Jacobson, Calin Calancea, Rafael Valerio-Vazquez, Guigui Sikwete, Owusu Sekyere, Akhona Mbonisweni, Shahnoor Syed, Cho Seok Hyeon, Fatemeh Pajouhandeh, Sheba Mary Pognaa Kunfah
The Lancet（2021）
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摘要
Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality.Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung's disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis.Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung's disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58.0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36-39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2.8 kg (2.3-3..3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39.8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20.4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5.6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0.0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90.0%] of ten in low-income countries, 97 [31.9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1.4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p=0.0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2.78 [95% CI 1.88-4.11], p<0.0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2.11 [1.59-2.79], p<0.0001), sepsis at presentation (1.20 [1.04-1.40], p=0.016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4-5 vs ASA 1-2, 1.82 [1.40-2.35], p<0.0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1-2, 1.58, [1.30-1.92], p<0.0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1.39 [1.02-1.90], p=0.035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1.96, [1.41-2.71], p=0.0001; parenteral nutrition 1.35, [1.05-1.74], p=0.018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0.61, [0.47-0.79], p=0.0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0.65 [0.50-0.86], p=0.0024) or percutaneous central line (0.69 [0.48-1.00], p=0.049) were associated with lower mortality.Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030. (C) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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关键词
gastrointestinal congenital anomalies,mortality,prospective cohort study,hospitals,cohort study,low-income,middle-income,high-income
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