Pain relieving effect of music on patients during transrectal ultrasonography: A pilot study

Background: Patient discomfort is often inevitable during transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS), a widely used modality for evaluating benign prostate hyperplasia/lower urinary tract symptoms. Music has been suggested as a method of pain relief during urologic procedures. In this study, we investigated the effect of music on pain relief during TRUS. Methods: In a pilot study conducted from March to June 2019, pain scores of 316 patients who underwent TRUS with or without music were quantified using the visual analog scale (VAS). One-to-one propensity score matching was performed by matching the subjects between the groups. Patients with hemorrhoids of grade >= III were excluded (n = 4). Results: Among the 312 patients included in the study (VAS score = 3.3 +/- 2.4), 177 listened to music during the procedure. There were significant differences in age, prostate-specific antigen, prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score symptom/life score, and VAS score between the music (+) and music (-) groups. After adjusting for relevant variables, VAS scores were significantly lower in male patients aged >= 65.0 years who underwent music intervention than in those who did not (1.5 +/- 1.4 vs. 3.0 +/- 1.4, p = 0.002). Conclusion: Age was negatively associated with pain during TRUS, and music had a relieving effect on pain in patients aged >= 65.0 years. Our findings may help improve the quality of examinations in urologic outpatient offices. (C) 2021 Asian Pacific Prostate Society. Published by Elsevier B.V.