ModPhred: an integrative toolkit for the analysis and storage of nanopore sequencing DNA and RNA modification data

Motivation: DNA and RNA modifications can now be identified using nanopore sequencing. However, we currently lack a flexible software to efficiently encode, store, analyze and visualize DNA and RNA modification data. Results: Here, we present ModPhred, a versatile toolkit that facilitates DNA and RNA modification analysis from nanopore sequencing reads in a user-friendly manner. ModPhred integrates probabilistic DNA and RNA modification information within the FASTQ and BAM file formats, can be used to encode multiple types of modifications simultaneously, and its output can be easily coupled to genomic track viewers, facilitating the visualization and analysis of DNA and RNA modification information in individual reads in a simple and computationally efficient manner.