Swcnts/Pedot:Pss-Modified Microelectrode Arrays For Dual-Mode Detection Of Electrophysiological Signals And Dopamine Concentration In The Striatum Under Isoflurane Anesthesia

Accurate detection of the degree of isoflurane anesthesia during a surgery is important to avoid the risk of overdose isoflurane anesthesia timely. To address this challenge, a four-shank implantable microelectrode array (MEA) was fabricated for the synchronous real-time detection of dual-mode signals [electrophysiological signal and dopamine (DA) concentration] in rat striatum. The SWCNTs/PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites were modified onto the MEAs, which significantly improved the electrical and electrochemical performances of the MEAs. The electrical performance of the modified MEAs with a low impedance (16.20 +/- 1.68 k Omega) and a small phase delay (-27.76 +/- 0.82 degrees) enabled the MEAs to detect spike firing with a high signal-to-noise ratio (> 3). The electrochemical performance of the modified MEAs with a low oxidation potential (160 mV), a low detection limit (10 nM), high sensitivity (217 pA/mu M), and a wide linear range (10 nM-72 mu M) met the specific requirements for DA detection in vivo. The anesthetic effect of isoflurane was mediated by inhibiting the spike firing of D2_SPNs (spiny projection neurons expressing the D2-type DA receptor) and the broadband oscillation rhythm of the local field potential (LFP). Therefore, the spike firing rate of D2_SPNs and the power of LFP could reflect the degree of isotlurane anesthesia together. During the isoflurane anesthesia-induced death procedure, we found that electrophysiological activities and DA release were strongly inhibited, and changes in the DA concentration provided more details regarding this procedure. The dual-mode recording MEA provided a detection method for the degree of isoflurane anesthesia and a prediction method for fatal overdose isotlurane anesthesia.