Comparison of haemodynamic response to muscle reflex in heart failure with reduced vs. preserved ejection fraction.

The IHG exercise used in this study may increase the LVESP and LVEDP without detrimental effects on cardiac function or ventricular-arterial coupling, especially in HFpEF patients. The effects of IHG exercise on haemodynamics and ventricular-arterial coupling may be affected by the patient background and the type and intensity of the exercise.