Evaluation of the Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, Haemolytic and Cytotoxic Effect of Eggshell Based Hydroxyapatite

The present study focused on the eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) employed as biomedical applications. The as-synthesized EHA samples were prepared by microwave irradiation method and further characterized through fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and powder X-Ray diffraction analysis indicates phase purity, crystallinity, and crystallite size of EHA. The morphology of the EHA sample was observed through a scanning electron microscope (SEM) a revealed self-assembled flower shape with energy-dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX) for elemental analysis. The hemolytic assay suggests an acceptable compatibility material for the EHA sample. Moreover the agar well diffusion test, none of the EHA samples showed a zone of inhibition against pathogenic strains. Besides, the in vitro bioactivity of EHA nanocomposite was studied by antioxidant activity indicates well free radical scavenging when compared with ascorbic acid. Further, cell cytotoxicity studies were systemically investigated for different days on MC3T3 osteoblast-like cell lines and it was found that EHA nanocomposite improved the cell proliferation. These results strongly suggesting that developed eggshell-derived hydroxyapatite (EHA) significantly alters the antioxidant activity, non-toxic blood cells, and cytotoxicity for MC3T3 cells. Therefore, it can be a prospective approach to acquire precursor material for making an orthopaedic and dental application. Graphic Abstract