Inulin and Lycium barbarum polysaccharides ameliorate diabetes by enhancing gut barrier via modulating gut microbiota and activating gut mucosal TLR2+ intraepithelial γδ T cells in rats

•Dietary INU and LBP treatments restore the gut dysbiosis by elevating beneficial bacteria and SCFAs in T2DM.•Dietary INU and LBP interventions enhance gut barrier by activating gut mucosal γδ IELs via TLR2 in T2DM.•Dietary INU and LBP suppress the inflammation via reducing LPS and inflammatory cytokines in T2DM.