Anxiety-related Symptoms following the Sporadic Use of Ecstasy - A Case Study

3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA/"ecstasy") is widespread in the electronic club scene, but MDMA has also been suggested for the treatment of anxiety spectrum disorders like posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social anxiety in autistic adults. Here, we report a case of a high functioning 24-old student with a sporadic recreational use of ecstasy, and a history of a single episode of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). A few days after using ecstasy during a period of stressful life events, he developed a complex depersonalization/derealization syndrome (DDS) including intermittent distortions of time and very short intermittent episodes of misidentification of persons. Furthermore, obsessive thoughts reappeared and he suffered a panic attack for the first time in his life. Under combined pharmacological treatment and psychotherapy, symptoms gradually subsided until full remission after 14 months. Some months after discontinuation of escitalopram, however, panic attacks recurred, evolving into a regular pattern. Even if MDMA is a promising tool for the treatment of some anxiety spectrum disorders in the framework of substance-assisted psychotherapy, the use of ecstasy might be also harmful for some patients with a history of anxiety or dissociative symptoms, when used recreationally or as a self-medication outside of a controlled clinical setting.