Developing Policies for the Use of Education and Learning Data in Japan

We developed a three-level template for education and learning data usage policy in Japan and published it on the Academic eXchange for Information Environment and Strategy website. We found that clarifying the purpose of use and obtaining subjects' consent are central to education and learning data usage, including personal information, and there is a responsibility to manage the data appropriately. The template allows for using education and learning data for research in compliance with the Act on the Protection of Personal Information. It can also be used to create anonymously processed information from such data for sharing among universities. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://crativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of KES International.