The Prognostic Value of Early Measurable Residual Disease Assessment in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia Treated with Intensive Chemotherapy - Preliminary Results of Polish Adult Leukemia Group PALG-AML1/2016 Study

Background: Measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important biomarker in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Among patients who achieve remission after standard chemotherapy, detection of MRD (MRD+) after two cycles of intensive chemotherapy, at the end of consolidation and before allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) is a strong prognostic factor for relapse and shorter overall survival (OS) (Short NJ, JAMA Oncol. 2020). The optimal time-points to asses MRD, and MRD cut-offs as well as whether eliminating of MRD due to further chemotherapy improves an outcome still remain open questions. PALG-AML1/2016 study aims to compare the safety and efficacy of two commonly used induction and salvage regimens in AML (NCT03257241). This is also the first international randomized trial in AML induction to prospectively evaluate the impact of MRD on overall survival, using multi-modality testing (flow-cytometry, FC; next-generation sequencing, NGS) of serial samples.