- 1-Geosphere Coupling and Hydrothermal Anomalies before the 2009 Mw 6 . 3 1 L ’ Aquila Earthquake in Italy 2

L.X. Wu 1,5* , S. Zheng 2 , A. De Santis 3 , K. Qin 1 , R. Di Mauro 4 , S.J. Liu 5 and M. L. 3 Rainone 4 4 1 School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 5 and Technology, Xuzhou, China 6 2 Academy of Disaster Reduction & Emergency Management, Beijing Normal 7 University, Beijing, China 8 3 Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione Roma 2, Roma, Italy 9 4 Dipartimento di Ingegneria e Geologia, Chieti University, V. Vestini 31, 66013 10 Chieti Scalo, Italy 11 5 Northeast University, Shenyang, China 12 *Corresponding author: Lixin Wu, 13 School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining 14 and Technology, Xuzhou, China; 15 Email: awulixin@263.net, wlx@cumt.edu.cn 16