Survival of Late Pleistocene Hunter-1 Gatherer Ancestry in the Iberian Peninsula 2 3 4

3 4 Vanessa Villalba-Mouco1,2, Marieke S. van de Loosdrecht1, Cosimo Posth1, Rafael Mora3, Jorge 5 Martínez-Moreno3, Manuel Rojo-Guerra4, Domingo C. Salazar-García5, José I. Royo-Guillén6, Michael 6 Kunst7, Hélène Rougier8, Isabelle Crevecoeur9, Héctor Arcusa-Magallón10, Cristina Tejedor7 Rodríguez11, Iñigo García-Martínez de Lagran12, Rafael Garrido-Pena13, Kurt W. Alt14, 15, Choongwon 8 Jeong1, Stephan Schiffels1, Pilar Utrilla2, Johannes Krause1, Wolfgang Haak1,16 9 10 11 1 Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische 12 Straße 10, 07745 Jena, Germany. 13 2 Departamento de Ciencias de la Antigüedad, Grupo Primeros Pobladores del Valle del Ebro (PPVE), 14 Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales (IUCA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Pedro Cerbuna, 15 50009, Zaragoza, Spain. 16 3 Centre d'Estudis del Patrimoni Arqueològic de la Prehistòria (CEPAP), Facultat de Lletres, 17 Universitat Autònoma Barcelona, 08190 Bellaterra, Spain. 18 4 Department of Prehistory, University of Valladolid, Plaza del campus, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. 19 5 Grupo de Investigación en Prehistoria IT-622-13 (UPV-EHU)/IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for 20 Science, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea, Francisco Tomas y Valiente s/n., 01006 Vitoria, Spain. 21 6 Dirección General de Cultura y Patrimonio. Gobierno de Aragón, Avenida de Ranillas, 5 D. 50018 22 Zaragoza, Spain. 23 7 Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Abteilung Madrid, E-28002 Madrid, Spain. 24 8 Department of Anthropology, California State University Northridge, Northridge, California 9133025 8244, USA. 26 9 Université de Bordeaux, CNRS, UMR 5199-PACEA, 33615 Pessac Cedex, France. 27 10 Professional Archaeologist. 28 11 Postdoctoral researcher. Juan de la Cierva-Formación Program. Institute of Heritage Sciences. 29 INCIPIT-CSIC, Av. de Vigo, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain. 30 12 Postdoctoral researcher. Juan de la Cierva-Incorporación Program. Department of Prehistory. 31 Valladolid University, Plaza del campus, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. 32 13 Department of Prehistory. Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049, 33 Madrid, Spain. 34 14 Center of Natural and Cultural Human History, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstr. 124, A35 3500 Krems, Austria. 36 15 Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Switzerland, Gewerbestrasse 14-16, 37 CH-4123 Allschwil 38 16 Corresponding author 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 Correspondence 50 haak@shh.mpg.de (W.H.) 51