Carbamate pesticides exposure and delayed physical development at the age of seven: Evidence from the SMBCS study

•Carbofuranphenol concentrations with high detection rates of prenatal, 3-year-old, 7-year-old periods were applied to accurately access long-term carbamate exposure and its health effects on physical development.•Anthropometric indices of children aged 7 years old were reversely associated with prenatal and postnatal urinary carbofuranphenol concentrations.•The trends of both significant gender-interaction and gender differential were observed in generalized linear models and generalized estimated equations.•Adverse effect of carbamates on physical development may have a postnatal sensitive window showed by time-interaction analysis.