Vitamin D levels in Greek patients with systemic lupus erythematosus

Objectives Vitamin D deficiency has been observed in autoimmune rheumatic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis. The aim was to study vitamin D in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and its relationship with disease activity. Methods In a cohort of 45 patients with SLE, 41 females and 4 males, aged 47.07 +/- 2.17 years (mean +/- SEM), and range = 21-79 years, 25(OH)D-3 levels were determined by electrochemiluminescence. C-3 and C-4 levels were also analyzed. SLE disease activity was estimated by SLEDAI-2K. Observations were also performed in a control group matched for age and sex. Results In this cohort of SLE patients, 25(OH)D-3 levels were 40.36 +/- 2.41 nmol/L (mean +/- SEM) as opposed to 60.98 +/- 4.28 nmol/L in the control group (p < 0.001, Student's t test). Vitamin D levels were related to C-3 (p < 0.001, linear regression analysis), correlation coefficient 0.106, r(2) = 0.011, and C-4 (p < 0.001); correlation coefficient 0.316 and r(2) = 0.100; and inversely related to disease activity (p < 0.001), correlation coefficient -0.572 and r(2) = 0.327. 25(OH)D-3 levels were 17.73 +/- 1.20 nmol/L and 12.24 +/- 0.93 nmol/L, in the groups without and with renal involvement, respectively (p = 0.001, Student's t test). Conclusions Vitamin D levels are low in SLE patients and are inversely related to disease activity. Routine screening for vitamin D levels should be performed in SLE patients.