Evaluation of Immunomodulatory and Antioxidant Properties of Traditional Kwath, Conventional Extracts of Plants Cocculus Hirsutus and Cuscuta Reflexa - in Vitro & Ex Vivo Studies

Introduction: The consumption of 'Patalagarudi' (Cocculus hirsutus 'CHP') and 'Amarbel' (Cuscuta reflexa 'CRA') as ethnic plants for health promotions rarely validated. The limited literature reported these plants as antioxidant and immunomodulators. Objective: To evaluate the biodynamic properties of CHP and CRA extracts. Methodology: The traditional formulation, 'Kwath' (K) and conventional extracts were prepared with CRA and CHP. The total phenolic content (TPC) was estimated. Various polyphenol compounds in the extracts were eluted on UHPLC. The biodynamic activities; i. Free radical scavenging (FRS-DPPH and ABTS), ii. Intracellular ROS scavenging activity in RAW 264.7 cell line iii. Spleenocytes proliferation assay for Th1/Th2 Immunomodulatory potential by flow-cytometer were assessed. Results: The TPC in CRA (105-159 mu g GAE/mg) and CHP (35-48 mu g GAE/mg) recorded. The chromato-graphic peaks confirmed the presence of polyphenols in CRA and CHP extracts. UV spectra of the extracts to the extent possible have been correlated with certain polyphenols. The FRS (IC50) was significantly low in CRA-K(DPPH = 22.7; ABTS = 12.0 gg/ml) than CHP-K(DPPH = 70.4; ABTS = 50.2 mu g/ml). Similarly, intracellular ROS scavenging activity with CRA-K (84%) showed the highest inhibitory potential compared to CHP-K (50%) and LPS control. The immunomodulatory activity of CRA-K significantly upregulated TH1 cytokines (TNF alpha and IFN-gamma). The downregulation of Th2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10) was in all CRA and CHP extracts as compared to Con A. Conclusion: The current study confirms the immunomodulatory and antioxidant properties of CRA and CHP along with the presence of polyphenols. (c) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institute of Transdisciplinary Health Sciences and Technology and World Ayurveda Foundation. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).