Design and Fabrication of 15-MHz Ultrasonic Transducers Based on a Textured Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ Ceramic

Ultrasound medical imaging is an entrenched and powerful tool for medical diagnosis. Image quality in ultrasound is mainly dependent on performance of piezoelectric transducer elements, which is further related to the electromechanical performance of the constituent piezoelectric materials. With rising need for piezoelectric materials with better performance and low cost, a highly $\langle 001\rangle $ textured piezo ceramic, Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-Pb(Zr, Ti)O3, has been developed. Recently, textured ceramic materials can be produced at low cost and exhibit high piezoelectric strain constants and large electromechanical coupling coefficients. In this work, 15-MHz ultrasonic transducers with an effective aperture of 2.5 mm in diameter based on these highly $\langle 001\rangle $ textured ceramics have been successfully fabricated. The fabricated transducers achieved a central frequency of 15 MHz, a fractional bandwidth of 67% (at −6 dB), a high effective electromechanical coupling coefficient ${k}_{\text {eff}}$ of 0.55, and a low insertion loss (IL) of 21 dB. Ex vivo ultrasonic imaging of a porcine eyeball was used to assess the tomography quality of the transducer. The results show that utilized textured ceramic has a great potential in developing ultrasonic devices for biomedical imaging purposes.