Outcomes of patients with ischemic colitis causing severe hematochezia managed medically or surgically

Purpose To compare short- and long-term outcomes of hospitalized patients with ischemic colitis (IC) presenting with severe hematochezia and treated medically or colectomy and also those with inpatient vs. outpatient start of hematochezia. Methods A retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data for IC patients hospitalized for severe hematochezia from two teaching hospitals was done from 1994 to 2020, with the diagnosis of IC made colonoscopically and confirmed histologically. Results Ninety-seven patients initially all had medical management for IC. Seventy-two (74.2%) were stable and had no further bleeding; 17 (17.5%) had colon resection; and 8 were critically ill and not surgical candidates. Surgical patients and non-surgical candidate had higher comorbidity scores; received more red blood cell (RBC) transfusion (median (IQR) 5 (3–10) vs. 4.5 (3–6.5) vs. 1 (0–4) units, p < 0.001); had significantly longer hospital and ICU days; had higher severe complication rates (35.3% vs. 100%. vs. 5.6%, p < 0.001); and had higher 30-day all-cause mortality rates (23.5% vs. 87.5% vs. 0, p < 0.001). Inpatients developing IC hemorrhage had more RBC transfusions, more complications, longer hospital stays, and higher mortality than patients whose IC bleeding started as outpatients. Conclusions The majority of IC patients hospitalized for severe hematochezia were successfully treated medically. Patients who were not surgical candidate had the highest rates of severe complications and mortality. Surgical patients and those who were not surgical candidate had worse outcomes than the medical group. Patients with inpatient start of bleeding from IC had significantly worse outcomes than those with outpatient start of bleeding.