Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant for pertussis vaccine: a evaluation compared with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant

Background. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) has been demonstrated as a highly efficient antigen platform to induce effective and durable immune response. However, whether LDH nanoparticles could act as an adjuvant for pertussis vaccines is still unknown. Here we evaluated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as a nano-adjuvant to improve immune response against pertussis and compared it with commercial aluminum hydroxide (AH) adjuvant. Method. The Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles were synthesized by a hydrothermal reaction. The morphology, structure and size of Mg/Al-LDH were characterized by transmission electron microscope, x-ray diffraction and MALVERN particle analysis. The ovalbumin and Pertussis toxin (PTd) was adsorbed to Mg/Al-LDH. The immune response of antigen-LDH complex was evaluated in mice, compared with commercial adjuvant alum. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to evaluate the inflammatory response at injection site. Results. The synthetic Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles showed a typical hexagonal lamellar structure. The average size of synthetic nanoparticles was 102.9 nm with PDI of 0.13 and zeta potential was 44.4 mV. Mg/Al-LDH nanoparticles effectively adsorbed protein antigen and mediated antigen uptake by DC cells. Animal experiments showed that Mg/Al-LDH gave enhancement in anti-pertussis toxin (PTd) humoral immune response, which was considerable to commercial AH adjuvant. Finally, Mg/Al-LDH produced a slighter inflammatory response than AH at injection site and this injury was quickly recovered. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potential of Mg/Al-LDH as an effective adjuvant for pertussis vaccine, which induced comparable antibody response and had a better safety compared with commercial AH adjuvant.