Treatment of cervical dystonia

Daniel Truong,Karen Frei,Cynthia L. Comella

Manual of Botulinum Toxin Therapy（2023）

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摘要

Cervical dystonia (CD) is an idiopathic focal dystonia characterized by abnormal head and neck posture caused by tonic involuntary contractions in a set of cervical muscles. Four subtypes, based on the principal direction of posture, consist of:

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